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    	<title>CE Delft - Heat demand & production</title>
		<copyright>Copyright (c) 2012, CE Delft</copyright>
		<link>http://www.ce.nl/ce/rapporten/114/</link>
        <atom:link href="http://www.cedelft.euindex.php?go=home.showRapportenRSS&amp;pagenr=657" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
		<language>nl</language>
		<description>CE Delft Rich Site Summary</description>
		<webMaster>webmaster@ce.nl (Webmaster)</webMaster>
		        
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[IPO National Road-map Waste Heat]]></title>
			<link>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/ipo_national_road-map_waste_heat/1165</link>
			<guid>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/ipo_national_road-map_waste_heat/1165</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[In the Climate and Energy Agreement between the provinces and the government, the provinces include how they contribute to reducing CO2 emissions, energy conservation and increased use of renewable energy sources. One of the aspects of this Agreement is to identify the opportunities for the maximum utilization of waste heat.

Using the recently published Heat Atlas (Warmteatlas)&amp;nbsp;Of the National Centre for Expertise on Heat (Nationaal Expertisecentrum Warmte, NEW) by Agentschap NL, a quick scan was done of the potential of waste heat that is available per province. It can be assumed that potentially available waste heat in The Netherlands is around 100 PJ per year, about one third of the current heat consumption of Dutch households. About 57 PJ of useful heat can be used for heat supply to households (e.g. district heating). Enough for 1.2 million households and a CO2 reduction of 3,200 kton.

The provinces of The Netherlands vary widely. Both in heat supply and demand, and in view of government roles and the policy on heat. Not all provinces have to engage in active policies on waste heat or have the resources to fund projects. It is concluded that it is not possible for a generic set of policy recommendations for all provinces by which a successful use of waste heat is guaranteed.

A specific set of recommendations for every province is formulated. For all provinces together the IPO National Road-map Waste Heat was drawn up. This Road-map contains a number of concrete recommendations for the provinces, Agentschap NL and the national government. These recommendations concern the biggest obstacles in terms of legislation and facilitate the realization of waste heat projects in the provinces. 

    
        
            
            
            Total 
            heat
            demand
            (TJ)
            
            
            Useful 
            heat
            demand
            (TJ)
            
            
            Waste
            heat
            supply 
            (TJ)
            
            
            Potential
            use
            (TJ)
            
            
            
            Potential
            use
            (dwellings)
            
            
            
            CO2
            reduction
            (kton)
            
            
            
        
        
            Zuid-Holland
            63.585
            50.159
            25.325
            13.782
            297.000
            780
        
        
            Gelderland
            42.391
            42.007
            16.900
            9.829
            211.000
            556
        
        
            Limburg
            26.144
            35.581
            14.300
            7.317
            157.000
            414
        
        
            Noord-Brabant
            52.886
            28.174
            14.113
            8.063
            173.000
            456
        
        
            Groningen
            13.027
            13.979
            7.713
            2.144
            46.000
            121
        
        
            Noord-Holland
            54.510
            16.280
            7.225
            5.876
            126.000
            333
        
        
            Zeeland
            8.004
            13.975
            5.950
            1.783
            38.000
            101
        
        
            Overijssel
            23.578
            4.888
            3.375
            3.059
            66.000
            173
        
        
            Drenthe
            11.635
            6.051
            3.188
            1.814
            39.000
            103
        
        
            Utrecht
            24.473
            4.231
            2.113
            2.000
            43.000
            113
        
        
            Friesland
            14.349
            4.178
            1.650
            550
            12.000
            31
        
        
            Flevoland
            6.192
            4.070
            750
            750
            16.000
            42
        
        
            Total
            340.776
            223.572
            102.600
            56.967
            1.224.000
            3.224
        
    


Disclaimer: For this study use has been made of data provided in the Heat Atlas published by NL Agency, which has stated that these data are not suitable for quantitative calculations. Their usefulness is thus limited to identification of potential opportunities, which was the goal of the present study. The full disclaimer of the Heat Atlas is available (in Dutch) at www.warmteatlas.nl.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Fri, 19 Aug 2011 10:43:02 +0200</pubDate>
			<category>Algemeen</category>
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		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[200-200 in 2020Review of potential Dutch heat capacity]]></title>
			<link>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/200-200_in_2020%3Cbr%3Ereview_of_potential_dutch_heat_capacity/1120</link>
			<guid>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/200-200_in_2020%3Cbr%3Ereview_of_potential_dutch_heat_capacity/1120</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[In the Netherlands demand for heat currently represents around 40% of total energy demand. In this country it is above all the built environment, industry (incl. the energy sector) and greenhouse horticulture that account for this relatively high percentage. These sectors vary in their demand characteristics as well as in the options available for heat savings and procurement of sustainably generated heat. For the organisation Warmtenetwerk (&amp;lsquo;Heat Grid&amp;rsquo;) CE Delft conducted a literature study to identify technical savings options in these sectors and the volume of heat that can be supplied sustainably.

As various studies have shown, in the absence of new policies there will be little if any change in demand for heat over the next ten years. At the same time, however, there are numerous options for bringing about just such a change. This study shows that the technical potential exists to save almost 300 PJ of heat by 2020. The most important measures are the following:&amp;nbsp;

    Insulation measures in the built environment
    Process improvements in industry
    Utilisation of waste heat from power stations and waste incinerators
    Cogeneration (combined heat and power generation)

For the horizon of 2020 adopted in this study the sustainable options also provide almost 300 PJ potential. In this case the main options are the following:

    Geothermal energy in greenhouse horticulture and the built environment
    Biogas for bio-cogeneration, or green gas
    Heat pumps/heat-cold storage for the built environment
    Heat from biomass (bio-boilers) for greenhouse horticulture and industry

Although the technical potentials of heat conservation and sustainable heat are approximately the same, the two approaches differ in cost effectiveness. While almost 200 PJ of heat savings can be achieved cost-effectively, this amount is very limited in the case of the sustainable heat options. For an additional price of 10 &amp;euro;/GJ, however, the same figure of 200 PJ of sustainable heat is feasible. Compared with green power options (offshore and onshore wind, photovoltaics), a strong policy focus on heat con-servation and sustainably produced heat would therefore appear to be the logical choice, both economically and to make use of the available potential.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 11 Jan 2011 15:27:28 +0100</pubDate>
			<category>Algemeen</category>
		</item>
		
		        
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[District heat in the Netherlands]]></title>
			<link>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/district_heat_in_the_netherlands/980</link>
			<guid>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/district_heat_in_the_netherlands/980</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[In 2010 a new Heat Act is scheduled to come into force in the Netherlands, with the aim of ensuring fair terms and prices for consumers of district heat. The Office of Energy Regulation, part of the Netherlands Competition Authority, will be responsible for overseeing compliance with the legislation. Among other activities, the Office will be establishing policy rules laying down the conditions to be adhered to in establishing a reasonable price for heat supply. To adequately effectuate compliance with these rules, the Office commissioned CE Delft to conduct two studies, one to inventory existing Dutch heat grids, suppliers, producers and tariffs, the other providing insight into the main cost drivers of heat supply. 

Dutch heat grids: a market analysis
In the Netherlands district heat systems come in all shapes and sizes, from large scale grids with tens of thousands of connections to small grids serving only a handful of consumers. In collaboration with the energy companies involved and research organisations like SenterNovem, CE Delft has carried out a full survey of the country&amp;rsquo;s heat grids.

In this survey a distinction was made between large and small scale grids, with the dividing line set at 5,000 connections. The Netherlands has thirteen large scale grids serving approximately 227,000 consumers, the heat for which is supplied by big power generators (including Eneco, Essent and Nuon). In addition, these suppliers deliver heat to around 300 small scale grids. The other small scale grids, some 6,600 in all, are owned and operated by housing corporations, owner associations, project developers and other such parties. A total of 336,000 homes are connected to a small scale grid.

The heat tariffs charged by the major energy companies are based mainly on the&amp;nbsp; NMDA tariff recommendations drawn up by EnergieNed, the country&amp;rsquo;s energy trade association. The tariffs charged by the other suppliers (housing corporations, owner associations, etc.) are often computed by heat cost allocation agencies, based on the actual costs of heat supply.

The main heat sources for the large scale grids are (gas-fired) cogeneration plant and conventional (gas- and coal-fired) power plant, with a small fraction deriving from renewables. Small scale grids are fed with heat from a wide range of sources, from cogeneration plant (both small and large) and conventional boilers to heat and cold storage systems and communal solar boilers.

Cost drivers of heat supply in the Netherlands
In this second CE Delft study two types of factor driving heat supplier costs were distinguished: those influencing costs that are independent of supply and those influencing supply-dependent costs. The former have no (direct) relation with the amount of heat supplied, while the latter rise (proportionally) with increasing supply. 

The study shows that the main cost drivers in the first category are the size and age of the heat grid and historical acquisition costs (wage and material costs at the time of the initial investments). The supply-dependent costs (i.e. the price paid to generators) are governed by the type of heat source involved, cost-sharing arrangements between the heat distributor and producer, and the nature and scale of supply.

The profitability figures cited by heat suppliers vary considerably, depending on the grid concerned: from -11% to 23% for large scale grids and from -258% to 7% for small scale grids. Heat suppliers in a position to do so often opt for a portfolio strategy, using profitable heat grids to compensate for loss-making ones.&amp;nbsp; ]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 10 Mar 2010 07:49:07 +0100</pubDate>
			<category>Algemeen</category>
		</item>
		
		        
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[IPO Heat Routemap]]></title>
			<link>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/ipo_heat_routemap/958</link>
			<guid>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/ipo_heat_routemap/958</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[There are major energy savings to be achieved by making more effective use of industrial waste heat, underground storage of cold and heat, and geothermal energy. In a Climate Accord between the Dutch government and the Association of Netherlands Provincial Authorities (IPO) a pledge has been made to secure 50 PJ of that potential by 2020. 

In practice it often proves far harder to get projects off the ground than on paper, though, and so IPO commissioned CE Delft to elaborate the roles that can best be played by provincial authorities in this context. To this end, all existing and promising waste-heat supply sites were first inventoried. In interviews with provincial representatives and stakeholders, problem areas and potential strategies for tackling them were then identified.
&amp;nbsp;
The role of provincial authorities proves to be mainly that of &amp;lsquo;initiator&amp;rsquo;, by systematically inventorying promising sites, for example, and by giving projects a kick-start by getting relevant parties talking. Utilisation of waste heat is an issue that has already received considerable attention from national government, through creation of the Heat Expertise Centre, for example. To complement these efforts, the government should review current legislation, particularly on groundwater (Water Act), the deep subsurface (Mine Act) and waste heat, to enable provincial authorities and others to effectively steer towards effective use of the available heat and cold potential. 

IPO is using the results of the project to finalise arrangements on implementing the aforementioned Climate Accord.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Fri, 28 Aug 2009 10:22:42 +0200</pubDate>
			<category>Algemeen</category>
		</item>
		
		        
		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Warming up to heat]]></title>
			<link>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/warming_up_to_heat/896</link>
			<guid>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/warming_up_to_heat/896</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[A public district heat grid in Haaglanden Municipal District can lead to a substantial cut in CO2 emissions in the region. Estimates of the potential indicate that annual CO2 savings may be as much as 130-190 kt CO2 in 2020. A public heat grid will also have a positive impact on both air quality and energy security and offers plenty of scope for &amp;lsquo;greening&amp;rsquo; the energy supply. However, a recent study by the Rotterdam municipal works department and past experience have shown that it is by no means straightforward to create a regional heat grid, because of the major financial investments involved. In particular, the use of heat sources like industrial waste heat, deep geothermal heat and heat from horticultural greenhouses involve major operating risks, though it is precisely these sources that can lead to substantial cuts in CO2 emissions. If the heat can be directly utilised, however, the risks are limited. This was the main reason for officials to reverse the order of the &amp;lsquo;chicken and the egg&amp;rsquo;: while in the past the main emphasis was on getting these large-scale heat sources up and running (as in the case of industrial waste heat and deep geothermal, for example), the aim now is to first generate substantial demand for heat before exploiting the sources in question. Given the cited advantages, it is important to create support for a public heat grid in the Municipal District. This brief report sets out a provisional operating strategy for developing a public heat grid as well as a concrete administrative road map for achieving this aim. Key initial steps in this process are to establish a &amp;lsquo;Steering Party on Heat Utilisation in Haaglanden&amp;rsquo; and draw up a so-called &amp;lsquo;Heat Contract&amp;rsquo; in which local authorities commit themselves to developing a regional grid. ]]></description>
			<pubDate>Tue, 24 Mar 2009 11:14:20 +0100</pubDate>
			<category>Algemeen</category>
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		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[EPL Monitor 2008]]></title>
			<link>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/epl_monitor_2008/952</link>
			<guid>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/epl_monitor_2008/952</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[EPL, the Dutch acronym for Housing Estate Energy Performance, is a measure of the total CO2 emissions associated with such an estate. Since 1999 the so-called &amp;lsquo;EPL monitor&amp;rsquo; has been recalibrated at regular intervals for both newbuild estates and renovation projects and in 2008 this exercise was again performed. All in all, the EPL of over 80 newbuild estates and around 50 renovation projects was determined. By means of a written questionnaire it was also investigated what role the regional approach developed by SenterNovem has played in energy-saving on estates over and above the legal obligation. The respondents were satisfied about this support, stating that this approach has often contributed to additional energy savings.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 16 Feb 2011 15:05:59 +0100</pubDate>
			<category>Algemeen</category>
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		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Transition strategy for electricity heat]]></title>
			<link>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/transition_strategy_for_electricity_heat/897</link>
			<guid>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/transition_strategy_for_electricity_heat/897</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[The Regieorgaan Energietransitie, the body responsible for coordinating a move to greener energy systems in the Netherlands, has drawn up a strategy for making the production of electricity and heat/cold more sustainable. The strategy comprises the following elements:

    maximum energy conservation
    priority for renewable capacity and energy-efficient cogeneration
    consequently, less scope for new &amp;lsquo;must-run&amp;rsquo;, baseload capacity&amp;hellip;
    &amp;hellip;along with greater need for flexible, &amp;lsquo;quick-fire&amp;rsquo; gas-fired capacity
    initially &amp;lsquo;gas&amp;rsquo; can be natural gas, but with growing use of coal gas and biogas with time.

For this study, in which CE Delft teamed up with Jan Paul van Soest&amp;rsquo;s Sustainability Consulting this strategy was further underpinned and its robustness assessed in a series of computer simulations at Delft Technological University. These calculations show that in the generating system operated in north-west Europe &amp;lsquo;must-run&amp;rsquo; capacity&amp;nbsp; and renewable capacity are at odds with one another. If the Dutch government&amp;rsquo;s major policy programme &amp;lsquo;Clean and Efficient&amp;rsquo; is implemented as planned, there will be very little scope for (new) baseload capacity. One good way of integrating the fluctuating supply of renewable energy (particularly wind) into the system is to use &amp;lsquo;quick-fire&amp;rsquo; generating capacity burning gas. In the relatively short term (by around 2020-2025) this is the only realistic route for integrating wind power.


]]></description>
			<pubDate>Wed, 30 Mar 2011 10:43:26 +0200</pubDate>
			<category>Algemeen</category>
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		<item>
			<title><![CDATA[Configurations and optimisations of the Amsterdam heat grid]]></title>
			<link>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/configurations_and_optimisations_of_the_amsterdam_heat_grid/893</link>
			<guid>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/configurations_and_optimisations_of_the_amsterdam_heat_grid/893</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[Amsterdam has recently announced ambitious climate targets, with district heating forming a key part of the strategy to secure them. There are regular strategic discussions between the municipal council and market parties on the use of such heat, particularly when large-scale construction and restructuring projects are on the agenda. The council has expressed a need for substantive support in the field of district heat and therefore asked CE Delft to prepare background documentation on the topic. This report, the result of that effort, examines the features of the present district heating system, the issue of CO2 reduction, the advantages of a &amp;lsquo;horseshoe&amp;rsquo; grid and potential innovations for securing even greater environmental gains. The report concludes with a management summary in which CE Delft puts forward its own vision on district heating in Amsterdam.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Fri, 04 Dec 2009 14:26:10 +0100</pubDate>
			<category>Algemeen</category>
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			<title><![CDATA[Market survey on decentralised CHP capacity]]></title>
			<link>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/market_survey_on_decentralised_chp_capacity/826</link>
			<guid>http://www.ce.nl/publicatie/market_survey_on_decentralised_chp_capacity/826</guid>
			<description><![CDATA[TenneT has drawn up its Quality and Capacity Plan for the period 2008-2014 and for this purpose required a robust review of trends in decentralised com-bined heat and power (CHP) capacity and utilisation thereof. CE Delft was commissioned to carry out this review on the basis of its own expertise and experience and interviews with a number of relevant players. The results were translated into terms of four scenarios used as standard practice in TenneT&iuml;&iquest;&frac12;s plans. In these scenarios, growth of CHP capacity ranges from 1,500 MWe to 3,300 MWe between 2008 and 2014. This means total CHP capacity will lag behind the growth rate envisaged by the government. With dedicated addi-tional incentive policy the desired level can be achieved, though, up to a maximum of 7,000 MWe new CHP capacity, but this gives no consideration to cost effectiveness.]]></description>
			<pubDate>Fri, 08 Oct 2010 11:41:41 +0200</pubDate>
			<category>Algemeen</category>
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